This post is a partial summary of the preceding post which contains
    links for some of the information.  
    
    The white person's continent is Europe, not American.  
    North America has been a melting pot since the Spanish arrived 500
    years ago with African slaves whom they sometimes mated with. 
    The first documented marriage of an African to a North American
    occurred in Florida in 1525.
    
    In British North America the "melting pot" began a century later at
    Jamestown.  The small populations in the early Virginia
    communities meant that people often had to marry across the black,
    white and red color lines.  The 1636 marriage of an African man
    named John Punch to a white woman [who was probably an Irish
    indentured servant] was not the first such union, but it is one
    whose descendants have been traced to the 20th Century.  
    Diplomat Dr. Ralph Bunche was one  of the dark-complexioned
    descendants.  A Kansas woman named Stanley Ann Dunham [the
    mother of President Barack Obama]  
    was one of the   white descendants.    Dunham
    like the vast majority of Americans with African 
    ancestry  didn't know she had an African ancestor.  
    
    Later the introduction of permanent slavery included two laws which
    initially accelerated the mixing of African and European
    DNA.   A child's status as slave or free was determined by
    the mother's status as slave [including indentured servants] or
    free.  If the child was black it would be a permanent
    slave.  White children would be indentured
    servants.   Some slave owners increased the number of
    permanent slaves by requiring  white female indentured servants
    to mate with black males.
    
    Subsequent laws prohibiting sex across the color line were generally
    ignored if the woman was black.  The primary purpose of such
    laws was to prevent free white women from having black babies who
    wouldn't be slaves.  
    
    By 1776 some of the descendants of such "mixed" marriages were able
    to pass for white especially if they moved to a new location and
    changed their names.  Some claimed they had North American or
    Mediterranean ancestry. The presence of the albino gene in the
    African genome could have helped some become white.   
    Most probably didn't tell their children about their
    ancestry.     
    
    During the slavery era some slave owners, including President Thomas
    Jefferson and his father in law, had slave "wives" called
    "concubines.  Jefferson's concubine, Sally Hemmings was
    described as white with long straight hair.   The children
    of  Jefferson's concubine were eventually freed, left Virginia
    and passed for white.
    
    As the southern urban population began increasing in the early 19th
    Century, some slave owners  bred  light skinned women
    [fancy slaves] for the sex trade.  The end of slavery 
    allowed some of these women along with other light skinned former
    slaves to pass for white.    Prostitution provided an
    economic opportunity for young black women with a resulting increase
    in light skinned  children who could eventually pass for white.
    
    
    Many whites who checked their ancestry after the broadcast of Alex
    Haley's "Roots" were surprised to find that an ancestor who had
    served in the military had the letter "c" after his name for
    "colored".
    
    Barack Obama was the first dark complexion president, but he wasn't
    the first president to acknowledge African ancestry.  
    President Warren G.Harding said one of his ancestors might have
    "jumped the fence".  There is speculation that five other
    presidents might have had African ancestry:  Thomas Jefferson,
    Andrew Jackson  Abraham Lincoln, Calvin Coolidge, and Dwight
    Eisenhower.   It would be difficult to prove or disprove such
    claims.  
    
     Most parents with North American  ancestry probably did
    not pass along the information. 
    
    Most of us who consider  ourselves white  who have some
    ancestors who arrived  five or more generations probably have
    at least one ancestor who was North American or African.  At
    five generations in the past you can  have 32 different
    ancestors.  I know I have a North American ancestor and suspect
    I have an African ancestor.  
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